Exploring the Science Behind Polynucleotide Treatments and Their Efficacy

Polynucleotide treatments, often referred to as "salmon sperm" therapies, have gained attention in recent years for their potential benefits in skin rejuvenation, wound healing, and anti-aging. These treatments use polynucleotides extracted from purified salmon sperm DNA, which are believed to promote tissue repair and improve skin quality. But what does the scientific evidence say about their effectiveness? This article reviews the current research on polynucleotide treatments, explaining how they work, their applications, and what users can realistically expect.

Polynucleotide packaging and syringe

What Are Polynucleotides and How Are They Used?

Polynucleotides are long chains of nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA and RNA. In the context of skin treatments, polynucleotides are typically derived from purified salmon sperm DNA. This source is chosen because salmon DNA is structurally similar to human DNA and is abundant and easy to extract.

In aesthetic medicine, polynucleotide treatments are administered through injections or topical applications. They are marketed for several purposes:

• Skin hydration and elasticity improvement

• Wound healing acceleration

• Reduction of fine lines and wrinkles

• Anti-inflammatory effects

  
  

The idea is that polynucleotides can stimulate cell regeneration and support the skin’s natural repair mechanisms.

How Polynucleotides Work: The Biological Mechanisms

Research suggests several ways polynucleotides may benefit the skin:

• Cellular Repair and Regeneration: Polynucleotides can act as a scaffold for new cell growth. They may provide nucleotides that cells use to repair damaged DNA and synthesize new RNA and proteins.

• Stimulation of Fibroblasts: Fibroblasts are cells responsible for producing collagen and elastin, proteins that maintain skin firmness and elasticity. Polynucleotides may encourage fibroblast activity, leading to improved skin texture.

• Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Some studies indicate that polynucleotides reduce inflammation by modulating immune responses, which can help in healing wounds and reducing redness.

• Improved Microcirculation: By promoting the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), polynucleotides may enhance nutrient and oxygen delivery to skin tissues. (wow)

  
  

These mechanisms provide a scientific basis for the observed benefits in clinical settings, but the extent of these effects depends on the formulation, dosage, and treatment protocol.

Review of Clinical Evidence

Polynucleotides in Aesthetic Medicine: A Review of Current Practices and Perceived Effectiveness. (Alvin, W. et al., 2024)

This review of studies suggests that polynucleotides may be effective in improving skin texture, reducing wrinkle depth, and enhancing facial appearance. While the existing evidence is promising, further research is needed to confirm their efficacy long-term as well as safety long-term as well as dosing that may produce the best results. A variety of brands should also be studied. Promising results!

The Effectiveness of Polynucleotides in Esthetic Medicine: A Systematic Review. (Lampridou, S et. al., 2024)

Polynucleotide injections have demonstrated promising results in reducing wrinkles, improving skin texture, and enhancing skin elasticity, with nine studies reporting significant benefits. Side effects are typically mild and temporary which is reassuring, and patient satisfaction tends to be moderate to high, indicating that PN treatment is a well-tolerated and effective option for cosmetic improvement. Again, optimal use remains under studied and therefore more research is needed. Although, the studies used were not of consistent moderate-high quality, benefits of PN were found and believed to be true.

Expert Perspectives: Evidence-Based Applications of Polynucleotides (PNs) in Aesthetic Medicine and Dermatology. (NK, R et al., 2025)

This expert opinion article consists of perspectives from an international panel of dermatologists and aesthetic physicians on the use of PNs. (Rejuran). The presumed mechanism of action of PNs involves the formation of a hydrophilic, scaffold-like matrix that is known to support tissue remodeling and hydration. This article highlights the clinical applications of PNs across four indications: skin hydration and rejuvenation; structural support through deep-plane injections; barrier repair in rosacea and eczema; and scar remodelling. Yes, it can help with skin conditions too. The panel concluded that their strong biocompatibility and tolerability make them a promising option, especially for sensitive or barrier-impaired skin. However, the existing evidence is still limited, and further research including randomised trials is required. I also think that, again different brands should be studied, not just rejuveran. Nevertheless polynucleotides themselves have shown to be beneficial

Practical Considerations for Users

If you are considering polynucleotide treatments, here are some points to keep in mind:

• Treatment Frequency: Most protocols recommend a series of 3-4 treatments spaced 2 to 4 weeks apart, with maintenance sessions every 6 months.

• Combination with Other Therapies: Polynucleotides are often combined with other skin treatments like microneedling or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance results.

• Realistic Expectations: While polynucleotides can improve skin quality, they are not a substitute for more invasive procedures like facelifts or laser resurfacing, and fillers.

• Professional Administration: Treatments should be performed by licensed practitioners trained in injection techniques to minimise risks.

• Post injection: Users may get swelling and bruising which usually goes down in 24-48 hours, however some bruising may last up to a week. Therefore injections right before an event should be prevented.

  
  
  
  

Final thoughts

• Polynucleotides are DNA fragments derived from salmon sperm used in skin treatments.

• They may promote skin repair by stimulating cell regeneration, fibroblast activity, and reducing inflammation.

• Clinical studies show improvements in skin hydration, elasticity, reduction in wrinkles, and improvement in skin conditions like rosacea.

• Treatments are generally safe with minimal side effects.

• More research is needed to establish optimal use and long-term efficacy.

Thank you so much for reading <3

Written by Zara Aesthetics, 22/03/2026